njrj;jpd; Fuy;

thH;f;iff; Fwpg;g[fs;

bgha;ahbkhHp jz;lha[jghzp

njrj;jpd; Fuy; fyhepjp ghyrp';fj;jpd; gpupthy; #Jauj;jpd; Rik Md;khit mGj;jp// cs;sj;ij cilj;J. be";rj;ijg; gpse;J/// fl;Lf;fl';fhj fhl;lhW nghyr; rPwpg; gha[k; czqr;rpg; bgUbts;sj;ij thqj;ijfshy; bfhl;l Koahky;* jtpj;j  jkpH;j;njrpaj; jiytupd; Jauj;jpy; g';F bfhz;L yz;ldpy; g{jt[lYf;Fk; td;dpapYk; btspehLfspYk; #fl; mt[l;L*fSf;Fk; kyqJ}tp bjhl;Lf; Fk;gpl;L tHpgl;L njrpaj; jiytq kPjhd j';fs; tpRthrj;ija[k; gf;jpiaa[k; bjhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; fz;L urpf;f Koe;jJ/ bjhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; njhd;wp #,jak; fdpe;j* kdtUj;jj;ij bjuptpj;Jf; bfhz;ltqfSk; jiytUf;F MWjy; Twp #jk;gp ftiyg;glhija[';nfh. mz;iz nghdhYk; guthapy;iy/ jk;gp eP';fs; ,Uf;fpwpas;/ jkpHPHk; bty;yg;gLk;* vd;wtqfSk; xUg[wk;/

   tHik nghy. g[ypfs; fhl;Lk; jpir nehf;fp Fk;gpLtJk; kz; ms;spj; jpl;LtJkhf gpwtpg; bgUk;gaid va;Jk; ghkuqfs;;/// thH;ehspy; juhf;fp rptuhk; vd;gtiu mwpe;njh. mtq vGjpatw;iw thrpj;njh mwpahky; #khkdpjq rptuhk;* vd;W :Kr;Rf;F :Kr;R cr;rhldk; bra;jJ nghy ,k;Kiw *njrj;jpd; Fuy;* yl;rhqr;rid cybf';Fk; eilbgw;wJ/ fypahzg; ngr;R neu';fspy; kl;Lkd;wp. bghJthH;t[f;F te;j vy;nyhiua[nk #ctq ve;j ,lk;?* vd;W mtuJ gpd;dzp gw;wp mwpe;J bfhs;sj; Jof;Fk; ahH;g;ghzpg; ghuk;gupak; nghy. ghyrp';fk; gw;wpa gpd;dzpfisa[k; mwpag; gyq tpUk;gpdhYk;. vijnah njlg; ngha; VlhTlkha; vJthtJ te;J tpLnkh vd;w gaj;jpnyh vd;dnth. mtuJ gpd;dzpfs; gw;wp ahUnk tha; jpwf;ftpy;iy/ :KyKk; Kot[k; bjupahky; iggpspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l bky;fpbrnjf; vd;w FUitg; nghy. ,e;j up=papd; :KyKk; jkpHqfSf;Fj; bjupe;jjpy;iy/

   tHik nghy #njrj;jpd; Fuy; fyhepjp* vd;w uh$hjpuh$ uh$khqj;jhz;l tpspg;g[fSld; thdiyfspYk; mr;Rthrfd';fspYk; Vwp te;j g[yk; bgaqe;j Clf';fs; Tl ,J gw;wp :Kr;nr tpltpy;iy/ vdnt mtuJ g{qtPfk; gw;wp jkpH;tPf; ,izaj; jsj;jpy; o/gp/v!;/b$auh$; vGjpa fl;Liu xd;iw :Kykhff; bfhz;L. mtuJ thH;f;iff; Fwpg;g[fis/// #md;dhupd; gpupthy; JaUw;W/// #gpwg;gpw;Fk; ,wg;gpw;Fk; ,ilna tpupa[k; fhykhf kdpj thH;t[ epiyf;fpwJ/ ,e;j thH;t[f;fhyk; vy;yh kdpjqfSf;Fk; xnu khjpupahf. xj;jjhf. xU rPuhf miktjpy;iy/ fhyr;rPuw;wjhf xUtUf;Ff; To. kw;wtUf;Ff; FWfp. ,d;bdhUtUf;F mjpk; beLj;Jf; Tof; Fiwe;J bry;fpwJ* vd;W jkpH;TW ey;Yyfpy; Mapuf;fzf;fhndhupd; #thH;t[f;fhyj;ij xUrPuhff; FWf;Ftjpy;* rypg;g[whJ g';fspg;g[ ey;Fk; njrpaj; jiytupd; gf;jnfhofSf;F tH';Ftjpy; bgUika[Wfpnwhk;/ jiytupd; Jauj;ij thqj;ijfspy; tof;f #kdpj bkhHpapy; ,lkpy;iy* vdpDk; ,e;jg; gf;jqfSf;Fg; g[upa[k; bkhHpapy; vspikahd jkpHpy; tH';Ffpnwhk;/

kl;lf;fsg;igr; nrqe;j je;ijahUf;Fk; ahH;g;ghzk; khl;od; nwhl;ilr; nrqe;j jhahUf;Fk; kfdhf njrj;jpd; Fuy; fyhepjp ghyrp';fk; mtjupj;jhq/ (Twpad Twy; jtpqf;f #njrj;jpd; Fuy; fyhepjp* vd;w thqj;ijfs; ,JKjy; jtpqf;fg;gLfpd;wd>) 1938k; Mz;L gpwe;j ,tuJ je;ij tHpg; ngudhq kz;Liur; nrqe;j xU irtf; FUf;fs; Mtq/ fpHf;ifr; nrqe;j #vyf;l;upf; nghqkd;* Mfg; gzpahw;wpa ,e;Jj; je;ija[k; tlf;ifr; nrqe;j #kUj;Jt khJ* Mf kl;lf;fsg;g[ itj;jparhiyapy; gzpahw;wpa fpwp!;jtj; jha[k; rhjpf; fyg;g[j; jpUkzk; bra;J bfhz;ldq/ gpd;dq mtqfs; gpupe;j gpd;dq ,sk; tajpnyna jhahq tpjit Mfp tpl;lhq/

   jdJ jhahUlDk; :Kj;j rnfhjupa[lDk; tlf;F te;j mtqfs; fubtl;oapy; Fonawpdq/ fubtl;oapy; cs;s kUj;Jt epiyak; xd;wpy; jhahq gzpahw;wpaJld; mUfpy; cs;s thlif tPblhd;wpy; trpj;J te;jdq/ tpisa[k; gapiu Kisapnyna bjupa[k; vd;w KJbkhHpf;F ,z';f. rpWtajpnyna ghyrp';fk; ahid Vw;wk;. Fjpiunaw;wk; nghd;wd ,y;yhj fhuzj;jpdhy;. fy;tp. nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tps';fpdhq/ (gpd;dq ,J g[ypnaw;wj;jpw;F cjtp g[upe;jJ)

   fj;njhypf;fuhf tsqe;j ,tq gFj;jwpt[ thjpahf khwpdhq/ rpWtajpnyna V/gp/!;ldp!;yh!; vd;nw ,tq mwpag;gl;oUe;jhq/ fubtl;o g[dpj ,Ujaf; fy;Y}upapYk; bey;ypao kj;;jpa kfhtpj;jpahyaj;jpYk; ,tq fy;tp fw;whq/ bghd;/fe;ijah cl;gl;l gy ,lJrhupfs; ,e;jg; gpunjrj;jpypUe;J te;jjhy; mg;gpunjrj;jpy; ,lJrhupak; jisj;njh';fpaJ/ ,lJrhupaj;jhy; (bfhk;kpa{dprk; vd;gJ ,jd; fUj;jhFk;) ,tq ftug;gl;oUe;jhq/ kiyahspahd r';Fz;zp vd;gtupd; njePqf;filapy; mkqe;J rPl;L tpisahLtJ ghyrp';fj;jpd; bghGJnghf;Ffspy; xd;whFk;/

   fubtl;oiar; nrqe;j rpupj;jpud; rpt"hdRe;juj;Jld; beUf;fkhd ghyrp';fk;. mtupd; cjtpahy; tPunfrupapy; cjtp Mrpupauhfr; nrqe;J bfhz;lhq/ mtnuhL bfhGk;gpy; mg;nghJ thH;e;jtqfs; mtq vg;nghJk; thrpj;Jf; bfhz;oUg;gtq vd;W TWfpwhqfs;/ ghyrp';fk; jd;Dila czt[. cilfs; gw;wpnah njhw;wk; gw;wpnah mf;fiw bfhz;ltq my;y/ tPunfrupapy; btspehl;Lr; bra;jpfSf;Fg; bghWg;ghf ,Ue;j mtq uha;l;lq bra;jpfisa[k; kw;Wk; Mf;f';fisa[k; bkhHpbgaqj;J te;jhq/ MapDk; jj;Jtk;. kndhjj;Jtk; nghd;wtw;wpnyna mtUf;F Mqtk; ,Ue;jJ/ gpd;dq gpupl;o=; J}Jtufj;jpy; bkhHpbgaqg;ghsuhf ,tq nrqe;J bfhz;lhq/ ,jd; gpd;dq ,tuJ njhw;wj;jpy; khw;w';fs; Vw;gl;ld/ ,jw;F bjhHpy; kl;Lky;y fhuzk;/ ,tq fhjy; tag;gl;lJk; fhuzk;/ gpupl;o=; ft[d;rpypy; gzpg[upe;j jkpH; bgz; nky; fhjy; tag;gl;l ghyrp';fk; gpd;dq mtiu kze;J bfhz;lhq/

   MapDk; mtuJ kfpH;r;rp ePz;l ehs; ePof;ftpy;iy/ fLk; neha;tha;g;gl;l kidtpf;F btspehl;oy; rpfpr;ir mspf;f ntz;o Vw;gl;lJ/ gpupl;o=; mjpfhupfspd; jatpy; ,UtUf;Fk; ,';fpyhe;:J bry;y mDkjp tH';fg;gl;lJ/ ghyrp';fk; yz;ldpy; caqfy;tpia nkw;bfhz;lJld; kidtpf;F rpfpr;ira[k; tH';fg;gl;lJ/ m';F jdf;F ePupHpt[ neha; ,Ug;gija[k; ghyrp';fk; mwpe;J bfhz;lhq/ fy;tp. ntiy. neha; tha;g;gl;l kidtpia guhkupg;gJ vd;W fLk; beUf;fofSf;F cs;shdhq/ MW tUl';fspd; gpd;dq ,tuJ kidtp fhykhdhq/ m';F itj;J mt[!;jpnuypahtpypUe;J te;j jhjpahd mnlYld; ghyrp';fk; gHf;fkhdhq/ fhjy; kyqe;J 1978k; Mz;L gjpthsq mYtyfj;jpy; ,tqfsJ vspikahd jpUkzk; eilbgw;wJ/

   rt[j; gh'; yz;ld; bjhHpy;El;gf; fy;Y}upapy; khqf;rprj;jpy; cstpay; vd;w tplak; gw;wp jd; KJkhdpg; gog;ig nkw; bfhz;lhq/ gpd;dq fyhepjpg; gl;lg;gog;ig nkw;bfhz;l nghJk; mtq mij Kof;ftpy;iy/ vdpDk; g[yp Clf';fs; mtiu fyhepjp vd;W miHg;gjpy; bgUik bfhs;fpd;wd/ mtq tpLjiyf;fhf jdJ fyhepjpg; gl;lg; gog;ig cjwpajhf mnly; ghyrp';fk; jdJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shq/

   ghyrp';fk; tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lj;jpy; jd;id EiHj;Jf; bfhz;lJ Kjy;. mtuJ thH;f;if gw;wpa   fw;gid fye;j cz;ikfSk; gpurhu';fSk; ,d;W cybf';Fk; thGk; jkpHqfSf;Fj; bjupe;j tplak; jhd;/ mLj;j khkdpjq gl;lk; ahUf;fhtJ tH';fg;gLk; tiu  #njrj;jpd; Fuy; fyhepjp* gw;wp yl;rhqr;rid bfh";r ehisf;F fhJ g[spf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; eilbgWk;/ mLj;j #khkdpjq* tiuf;Fk; njrj;jpd; Fuypd; epidt[ jkpH; kf;fspd; be";rpy; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy/