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A little knowledge is dangerous vd;W M';fpyj;jpy; mof;fo brhy;yg;gLfpw #miuFiw mwpt[ Mgj;jhdJ* vd;gJ gyUf;Fk; g[uptjpy;iy/ mjpYk; ,e;jg; #g[yp bgaqj;j* Clf';fspy; vGJk; murpay; Ma;thsqfspd; miuFiw "hdj;jpd; Mgj;Jg; gw;wp ahUk; myl;of; bfhs;tjpy;iy/

   ,e;jpa kPdtqfisr; Rl;L. flj;jp. gpd;dq ifJ bra;ag;gl;l g[ypfs; kPdtqfisr; Rl;lJk; flj;jpaJk; g[ypfs; jhd; vd;W TwpaJ bjhiyf;fhl;rpapy; xspgug;gpa gpd;g[k;. kPdtqfnshL flj;jg;gl;l mnj fg;gy; g[ypfspd; Ma[j';fSld; khiyjPtpy; :KH;fof;fg;gl;l nghJ. flj;jg;gl;l kPdtqfSld; ,Ue;j kiyahs fg;gy;fhuq jg;gpf; ifJ bra;ag;gl;ljd; gpd;g[k;. flj;jg;gl;l kPdtqfs;; tpLtpf;fg;gl;L kPz;Lk; te;J nrqe;J j';fisf; flj;jpaJ g[ypfs; vd;W brhd;d gpd;g[k;. #Kot[f;F te;jJ ,e;jpa cst[j;Jiwapd; kPdtq flj;jy; ehlfk;* vd;W Ma;t[f;fl;Liu vGjp g[ypfspd; Mjut[ ke;ijf; Tl;lj;ij nka;f;f ,e;j #miuFiwg; gog;g[* Ma;thsqfshy; md;wp ntW ahuhy; Koa[k;?

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mJrup. ,tqfspd; ,e;j Ma;t[ cz;ikahf ,Ue;jhy; ,ij jkpH;bel;oy; M';fpyj;jpy; vGjp ntw;Wehl;ltqfSf;Fk; uh$je;jpupfSf;Fk; rqtnjrg; gj;jpupifahsqfSf;Fk; tplaj;ij tpsf;fpapUg;ghqfs;/ ,tqfs; jkpHpnyna ,e;j fhJ Fj;jy; tpisahl;Lfs; tpLtjd; fhuzk;. g[yd; bgaqe;j jkpHqfisr; Rj;Jtjd;wp ntW ve;jf; fhuzkhf ,Uf;f Koa[k;? ,e;j tpsf;f';fis ,tqfshy; jkpHqfs; my;yhj ntW ahUf;Fk; brhy;y Koa[kh? ,e;j tpsf;f';fis ahH;g;ghzp jtpqe;j ntbwe;j tofl;oa Kl;lhs; ek;g[thd;? kw;wtqfs; nfl;lhy; #if bfhl;or; rpupg;ghqfs;*/ Mdhy;. goj;j ahH;g;ghzpfs; ,ij mg;gona #fhzhky; tpRtrpg;ghqfs;>*/

   ,e;j Ma;thsqfnsh #g[ypfisf; fhg;ghw;Wfpnwd; ngqtHp* vd;W g[wg;gl;L g[ypfSf;F FHp njhz;Lk; ntiy bra;tJ gw;wpa[k; ahUk; myl;of; bfhs;tjhfj; bjupatpy;iy/

#fhypf;F ,lk; khWkh fd;dpahFkup?* vd;w bgaupy; tPunfrupapy; xU Ma;thsq///> tPunfrup jd; eLepiy gpwH;e;J g[ypfspd; Fifahf khwp vf;fr;rf;fkhd fhykhd gpd;dq. ,g;nghJ mjpy; cs;s Ma;tpd; eLepiy gw;wp mjpfk; myl;of; bfhs;sj; njitapy;iy/ ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j Ma;tpy; g[ypfisf; fhg;ghw;Wfpnwd; ngqtHp vd;W g[wg;gl;l Ma;thsq fhiy thupa fij jhd; Rthu=;;akhdJ/ gwf;Fk; g[ypfshy; ,e;jpaht[f;F Mgj;J vd;Wk; ,e;jpah jiyapl ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;J jiya';fk; vGjpapUe;jjhk;/

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,e;j Ma;thsnuh. jw;brayhf ,e;jpah jiyapl neqe;jhy; mij jLj;J epWj;j ntz;oa ghupa bghWg;g[ jd;dplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ nghy. goj;j ahH;g;ghzpfis tHik nghy Rj;Jtjw;fhf #Ma;e;j*nghJ #goj;j nghuhl;l ,af;fbkhd;wpd; Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjypw;fhd bghUshjhu ,yf;Ffis (bfhyd;dht cl;gl) bjupt[ bra;J. vz;gJfspy; tH';fpa ,e;jpa btspehl;L cst[ !;jhgdj;jpd; braw;ghLfs; gw;wp ,e;J mwpe;Jk; mwpahkypUf;fyhk;* vd;W bgh';fpr; rPWfpwhq/ g[ypfs; ,g;nghJ Fz;L nghl;l mnj ,l';fSf;F Fz;L nghLk;go ,e;jpah Kd;ng mwpt[Wj;jpajhk;/ Mfnt. Fw;wk; g[ypfspd; kPjy;y. Kd;dk; vg;nghnjh ,e;jpahtpd; braw;ghLfspd; Fw;wkhk;>

   mbjd;d #goj;j* nghuhl;l ,af;fk;? <nuh!;> me;jg; goj;j ,af;fj;jpd; jiytq jw;nghJ #:Kj;j* cWg;gpduhf. ahUila fhyoapy; jtk; fplf;fpwhq?

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,';nf jhd; tUfpwJ ahH;g;ghzpapd; gog;g[ gw;wpa cz;ikahd brh:Ugk;/ Vnjh goj;jtqfs; vd;why; jh';fs; bgupjhf kjpg;g[f; bfhLg;gtqfs; vd;gJ nghy///> goj;j bgoas; nghuhLwh';fs; vd;W ahH;g;ghzpfs; <nuhi!g; g[Gfpf; bfhz;nl. u$dp !;ilypy; g[ypfspd; rhfr';fSf;fhf thypy; bjh';fpdhqfs;/ goj;jtqfSf;F goj;j ahH;g;ghzpfs; bfhLj;j kupahijapd; ,yl;rzk; ,J/

   gpupj;jhdpaqfs; brd;w ,lbky;yhk;. rpWghd;ikapdUf;F fy;tpiaf; fw;gpj;J. #fpswpf;fy; nrqtz;Lfs;* Mf;fp tpl;L. mtqfisf; bfhz;L epqthfj;ij elj;jpf; bfhz;nl. bgUk;ghd;ikapdiu Mz;L bfhz;oUe;jhqfs;/ vdnt. me;epaqfspd; fhiyg; gpoj;jhtJ fhupak; rhjpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf. mg;nghijf;F fy;tp fw;gJ xd;nw upwardly mobile rpe;jid bfhz;l ahH;g;ghzpf;F xnu tHpahf ,Ue;jJ/ ,jdhy; goj;jhd;/

   goj;j ahH;g;ghzp M';fpnyaq tUtjw;F Kd;dhy; goj;jjhf VjhtJ fij cz;lh? nghj;Jf;nfaq 1505 ,y; te;J ,w';fp 1796y; M';fpnyaq tUtJ tiuf;Fk; ahH;g;ghzp fy;tp. nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tps';fpajhf fijfs; cz;lh? ahH;g;ghzpfs; nghj;Jf;nfa. lr;R bkhHpfisf; fw;W ghz;oj;jpak; bgw;wjhff; fijfs; cz;lh?

CTk;> nfl;lhy;. Fkupf; fly;nfhs; bfhz;lnjhL ngha;r; nrqe;jjha; fij tpl;lhYk; tpLthd;/ ,y;iy/ me;j bkhHpfisf; fw;Wf; bfhs;s khl;nlhk;. v';fSf;F jkpH; xd;nw capq vd;W jkpHd; vd;iwf;Fk; tPurgjk; vLj;jjpy;iy/ ,e;j bkhHpfisg; gapd;why; mjdhy; ve;jg; gaDk; ,y;iy vd;gJ ahH;g;ghzpf;Fj; bjupa[k;/  

M';fpyk; fw;why; bjhHpYf;F trjp vd;gjw;fhf ahH;g;ghzp goj;jhd;/ fpswpf;fy;  n;rqtz;l; Mdhd;/ gpd;dhy; lhf;lq. vd;$pdpaq MtJ jhd; r:Kf me;j!;Jf;fhd tHp vd;gjhy; mijf; fw;whd;/ mwpt[f;fhfth fw;whd;? ,y;iy/ rPjdj;jpw;fhf>

,e;j ahH;g;ghzpf;F fy;tp vd;gJ mwpt[ tsqr;rpf;fhd xd;whf vd;iwf;Fk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy/ jd;id bghUshjhu uPjpahf tsqr;rp bfhs;s itg;gjw;F vJ rhjdnkh mij btl;fkpd;wp gpd;gw;w ahH;g;ghzp vd;iwf;Fnk jahuhfj; jhd; ,Ue;jhd;/ gog;g[ kl;Lky;y. kpsfha; 32 :Ugh tpw;fpwJ vd;gjw;fhf. Esk;g[f;foiaa[k; jhz;o tpRtkL. Kj;ijad;fl;oy; kpsfha;j; njhl;lk; itf;fg; nghdhd;/ gpd;dhy;. rt[jpapy; blhyq bfhl;of; fplf;fpwJ vd;W kj;jpafpHf;Fg; nghdhd;/ gpd;dhy;. ngqypd;. fdlh//>

bkhj;jj;jpd; jd; Raeyj;jpw;fhf jkpHd; vjd; gpd;dhYk; nghfj; jahuhdhd;/ mtDf;F kz; gw;wpa czqnth. ,dk; gw;wpa r:Kfg; gpuf;i"nah me;jg; gzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhdJ jhd;/ ,d;W fz;L nfl;lwpahj ehLfspy; vy;yhk; nt:Ud;wpa gpd;dhy;. jhd; ve;j ehSnk ngha; FoapUf;fhj xU ,lj;jpy; rpe;jg;gLk; ,uj;jj;jpw;F fhuzkha; ,Ug;gtd;. me;j ,lk; ,d;W epq:Kykhf;fg;gl;L vjpqfhynk xU nfs;tpf;Fwpahf ,Ug;gJ gw;wpf; ftiyapy;yhjtd; xU ,dg; gw;nwh. ehl;Lg; gw;nwh bfhz;ltd; vd;W ek;g Koa[kh?

fy;tp xd;W jhd; v';fs; r:Kfj;jpd; nkd;ikf;fhd moj;jsk; vd;W epidg;ghdhf ,Ue;jhy;. ,td; jFjp tha;e;j Jiznte;jiu kpul;o tpul;oa nghJk;.  gy;fiyf;fHfj;ijg; g[ypfs; kpul;o :Kl itj;j nghJk; tha; :KoapUg;ghdh? Muk;gf; fy;tpia Kof;fhj rpwhqfisg; g[ypfs; flj;jpg; gilapy; nrqf;Fk; nghJ bksdkhapUg;ghdh?

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nkhl;Lr; rp';fstd; vd;W jd;idg; g[j;jprhypahff; fhl;of; bfhz;l jkpHd; ,d;W jd; kz;iz tpl;L jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;s. tlf;Fk; fpHf;Fk; gpupe;J ngha;f; fplf;fpwJ/ ,bjy;yhk; ,tDila jiyikapd; g[j;jprhJupak; jhnd?

jw;nghijf;F gog;g[ vd;gjhy; gad; vJt[k; ,y;iy vd;gJ jkpHDf;Fg; g[upe;J tpl;lJ/ goj;jhYk; bjhHpy; bra;a KoahJ. btspehL nghtjw;Fk; gog;g[ mtrpakpy;iy/ jw;nghijf;F r:Kf me;j!;J caqt[f;fhd tHp fdlh jhd;/ mJ jhd; jkpHdpd; jw;nghija ,yl;rpak;/ mjdhy;. mtDf;F gy;fiyf;fHfk; khjf;fzf;fpy; :Kof; fplg;gJk;. Muk;gg; ghlrhiyf; fy;tpiaf; Tl Kof;f Koahjgo rpWtqfs; flj;jg;gl;L gilapy; nrqf;fg;gLtJk; gw;wp ve;j mf;fiwa[k; fpilahJ/ xUntis. ahH;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fHf nrql;ogpf;nfl; fdlhtpy; bry;YgoahFk; vd;W te;jhy;. xUntis gpusak; fpsg;gpapUf;ff; TLk;/

   goj;j ahH;g;ghzj;jpd; ,yl;rzk; ,J jhd;/ mjw;F jw;nghijf;F gog;g[ Kjd;ikahd xU tplankapy;iy/ btspehL nghft[k; gog;g[j; njitapy;iy/ Ma[jk; J}f;ft[k; mJ njitapy;iy/

vy;yhk; bjupe;j. goj;j ahH;g;ghzk; jd; vjpqfhyj;ij elj;jpr; bry;y njof; bfhz;l jiytupnyna mjd; ,yl;rzk; bjuptJ jhd; jw;nghija JaqkpF Kuz;eif>